Energy storage- improvement in solid state sodium ion batteries

Student name: Mr Ankush Bhatia
Guide: Dr B Prasad
Year of completion: 2017
Host Organisation: University Paris Sud, France
Supervisor (Host Organisation): Dr Syivain Franger

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Abstract: In solid state Ionics, a solid-state battery is a battery that has both solid electrodes and solid electrolytes. As a group, these materials are very good conductors of ions, which is necessary for good electrolyte and electrode performance, and are essentially insulating toward electrons, which is desirable in electrolytes but undesirable in electrodes. The high ionic conductivity minimizes the internal resistance of the battery, thus permitting high power densities, while the high electronic resistance minimizes its self- discharge rate, thus enhancing its charge retention.

Solid-state batteries generally fall into the low-power density and high-energy density category. The former limitation arises because of the difficulty of getting high currents across solid–solid interfaces. However, these batteries do have certain advantages that outweigh this disadvantage: They are easy to miniaturize (for example, they can be constructed in thin film form), and there is no problem with electrolyte leakage. They tend to have very long shelf lives, and usually do not have any abrupt changes in performance with temperature, such as might be associated with electrolyte freezing or boiling.

Battery-grade salts of sodium are cheap and abundant, much more so than those of lithium. This makes them a cost-effective alternative especially for applications where weight and energy density are of minor importance such as grid energy storage for renewable energy sources such as wind- and solar power and electric vehicles.

These cells can be completely drained (to zero charge) without damaging the active materials. They can be stored and shipped safely. Lithium-ion batteries must retain about 30% of charge during storage, enough that they could short-circuit and catch fire during shipment .Moreover; Sodium-ion batteries have excellent electrochemical features in terms of charge- discharge, reversibility, columbic efficiency and high specific discharge capacity.

Sodium ion solid state batteries are going to be future of batteries that will be used for energy storage because of lesser cost, high performance, and safety. There are some disadvantages associated with the solid state batteries which can be overcome by the benefit of safety of solid state battery. Sodium ion batteries will come soon in the picture because of highly abundance in earth‘s crust than Lithium.

All-solid-state batteries are now considered as the most competitive alternatives to conventional batteries, based on liquid electrolytes, as they offer safe, low cost, and sustainable batteries with a wide operating temperatures range, and the ability to prevent dendrite formation when using metallic (lithium or sodium or even magnesium) anodes (which is crucial for having high capacities batteries), and also possibly longer cycle life batteries (by suppressing the ageing processes due to liquid electrolyte degradation).