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With catastrophic consequences on water, energy, transportation, agriculture, and industry, climate change poses serious challenges to the world economy. This thesis examines how infrastructure and the energy sector will be modified by climate change within a specific research area, stressing the need for resilience, efficiency, and sustainability measures. The study looks at the vulnerabilities that result from climate-related risks, including extreme weather, rising sea levels, fluctuations in temperature, seasonal changes in precipitation, and their effects on vital infrastructure and energy systems. In the energy industry, rising temperatures and amplified extreme weather events can hinder the dependability and efficiency of power generating and transmission systems. Systems for transportation are inherently vulnerable to changing weather conditions. Increasing sea levels and a rise in storm frequency and intensity pose a hazard to coastal transportation infrastructure, which includes ports, roads, and trains. Numerous other factors also impede the expansion and advancement of these infrastructure sectors. Comprehensive plans are needed due to the complex interplay among these areas.
Additionally, the research delves into several decarbonization approaches designed to lower emissions from these industries and mitigate global climate change effects. Knowing their carbon neutrality goals and objectives, net zero targets, and an outline of the industry structure, including the operators, funders, and planners, as well as a mapping of all the major market players and current trends. One of the primary responsibilities will also be to map out and analyze every potential major market opportunity. The mitigating strategies that are being implemented include regulatory changes, behavioral alterations, and technical breakthroughs that are tailored to the particular characteristics and needs of the research area. The thesis evaluates the viability, effectiveness, and trade-offs associated with several decarbonization paths by utilizing a mixed-methods methodology that combines quantitative analysis, graphical representations, and stakeholder involvement. It evaluates the effects of putting these methods into practice on the social, economic, and environmental fronts, taking into account issues like equity, public acceptability, cost-effectiveness, and job creation.
The study ultimately seeks to pinpoint the shortcomings in these assessments and provide insightful analysis and suggestions to help decision-makers in government, urban planning, and business develop and implement effective decarbonization plans. These initiatives seek to promote a more sustainable and equitable future for the study region and beyond by addressing the imperatives of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and strengthening climate resilience.
Key words: Decarbonization, climate change, energy sector, transport sector, mitigation.
