ANNOUNCEMENTS
India's net-zero emissions path hinges on a complex and regionally uneven transition from fossil-fuel-based power generation to renewable energy. This study examines state-wise variability in CO2 emissions from coal, gas, and lignite-based electricity generation between 2000 and 2024, using data from the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), Ministry of Power, Govt of India, and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). Through a combined temporal-spatial analysis, the study identifies Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra as persistent high emitters due to sustained coal reliance. At the same time, states like Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu demonstrate partial decarbonization linked to renewable energy expansion. The analysis is further contextualized by reviewing state-level renewable energy policies, revealing that implementation of state-specific policy significantly shapes emission trajectories. Inconsistency in policy implementation across states contributed to divergent emission trajectories, with some regions making measurable progress toward decarbonization while others continue to rely heavily on fossil fuels. By providing a disaggregated assessment of emissions and energy generation, this study helps bridge existing monitoring gaps. It highlights the critical role of region-specific policy design in advancing India's decarbonization goals.
