ANNOUNCEMENTS
Indian electric mobility has enabled Battery-as-a-Service (BaaS) models, unbundling electric vehicle usage and battery ownership. This dissertation provides a critical assessment of the environmental sustainability of such systems through an in-depth analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance metrics. The study uses a two-pronged strategy, merging primary and secondary data. Primary data from Battery Smart, India's first BaaS Company, is used to estimate Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions for CY 2024. This GHG inventory is supplemented by secondary literature on emission factor methodologies and emissions within the mobility sector to increase robustness and contextualization. The research also delves deeper into decarbonization pathways by consolidating academic studies and practical experience derived from emission hotspots identified during the course of the greenhouse gas study. The pathways are examined for technical feasibility and alignment with India's climate ambition. Additionally, an ESG scorecard framework is envisioned, to capture sustainability performance at the departmental level with respect to environmental, social, and governance dimensions. The scorecard is applied in over 20 departments of the case company, demonstrating the unique ESG contribution of each unit. Key results are the predominance of Scope 3 emissions from outsourced supply chain and logistics operations, considerable Scope 2 emissions from electricity consumption at charging and swapping points, and potential emission minimization through renewable integration and recycling policies. The ESG scorecard further indicates differential sustainability maturity across departments with strategic intervention points. This dissertation adds to the emerging literature on sustainability assessment in the EV and BaaS space and offers a replicable structure for combined GHG and ESG analysis.
Keywords: Battery-as-a-Service; GHG emissions; ESG scorecard; Scope 1 2 3; Sustainable Mobility.
