ANNOUNCEMENTS
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management remains a critical challenge in rapidly urbanizing Indian cities, particularly in terms of segregation, processing, and energy recovery. This study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics of MSW and evaluates its bio- methanation potential (BMP) as a renewable energy source. Field sampling and laboratory analysis were conducted at six Refuse Transfer Stations (RTSs) located in Ahmedabad and Rajkot, two major cities in the state of Gujarat.
Waste samples were systematically collected and manually segregated to determine physical composition. Chemical characterization included analysis of parameters such as moisture content, ash content, volatile solids, pH, nitrogen concentration, alkalinity, and calorific value. These metrics were used to assess the bio- degradability and suitability of the waste for anaerobic digestion.
Results indicated a high proportion of organic waste in both cities, with Rajkot exhibiting a relatively higher organic content. Correspondingly, the chemical characteristics of Rajkot’s waste were more favorable for bio- methanation, as observed in the laboratory-scale BMP tests. The findings underscore the importance of waste characterization in designing localized waste-to-energy solutions and optimizing treatment strategies.
The study revealed an average organic fraction of 64.86% in Ahmedabad and 75.85% in Rajkot, with green waste (0.98%) observed only in Rajkot, indicating better segregation practices. Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) assessment showed higher biogas and methane yields in Rajkot (131.5 L and 72.33 L) compared to Ahmedabad (119.2 L and 65.56 L), reaffirming the impact of cleaner organic waste on bio-methanation efficiency.
This study highlights the significant potential of organic MSW to contribute to renewable energy production through decentralized bio- methanation systems. It also emphasizes the need for regular waste profiling and better segregation practices at the source to enhance energy recovery. Policy recommendations tailored to the waste profiles of each city have been provided to support integrated and sustainable MSW management in Gujarat.
Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Waste Characterization, Bio- methanation Potential (BMP), Anaerobic Digestion, Sustainable Waste Management.
